Liver Damage Cases Rise as Energy Drink Use Grows in India

India is facing a growing public health concern as energy drinks are increasingly being linked to liver damage in young adults.

Doctors across the country report a noticeable rise in patients in their 20s and 30s showing early signs of liver disease, a trend that is raising alarm among health experts.

Medical professionals say the link between energy drink consumption and liver injury is backed by both clinical observations and global research.

A case published in BMJ Case Reports highlighted acute hepatitis in a healthy individual after excessive intake, with high levels of niacin identified as a key cause of liver toxicity.

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“Over the past few years, we have seen a significant increase in young patients presenting with liver dysfunction. Three major contributors stand out—energy drinks, alcohol, and high-sugar beverages,” said Dr Abhideep Chaudhary, President of the Liver Transplantation Society of India.

“Energy drinks, often perceived as harmless, contain high levels of caffeine, sugar, and additives that place immense stress on the liver. When combined with alcohol or consumed excessively, they accelerate liver injury. In advanced cases, liver transplant may become the only life-saving option.”

India is already dealing with a surge in fatty liver disease, affecting nearly 25–30% of the urban population, including younger groups. Experts point to sedentary habits and rising intake of sugary drinks as key drivers.

“Patients in their 20s and 30s are increasingly being diagnosed with conditions that were once seen later in life,” said Dr Neerav Goyal. “While alcohol remains a major factor, the role of energy drinks and sugary beverages cannot be ignored.”

Doctors also warn that mixing energy drinks with alcohol can worsen risks, as caffeine masks alcohol’s effects, leading to higher consumption.

“From a clinical standpoint, we are clearly observing how lifestyle choices are impacting liver health at a younger age,” said Dr Charles Panackel.